A theory contending that labeling a person as a deviant or criminal makes that person more likely to engage in future criminal behavior A school of thought that argues science can be used to discover the true causes of crime, which include factors outside of offenders’ control. A theory that explains how gender inequality affects female offending and justice system responses to crimes committed by females. In the FBI Uniform Crime Reports reporting scheme, the practice whereby only the most serious offense of several that are committed during a criminal act is reported by the police.